street

Yitzchak AbuHatzera ( Chaki Baba )
Chief sefaradic rabbi in Ramla, Of the spiritual fathers of the north African Jewry,
A member of the chief rabbinate in Israel.

Mordechai Egozi
Manager and one of the founders of KLALIT medical association in RISHON region

Aharon Buganim
An activist of the labor party in Ramla, Manager of KLALIT medical association.

Aharon HaCohen
A biblical figure. Eldest son of Amram and brother of Moses & Miriam.
A main character of the nations history. Assitant to Moses. Father of the
priest dynasty in Israel and was worthy of devine enlightenment when
ordered by god to meet Moses returning from Midyan on his way to Egypt.
Aharon died at the age of 123 on mount Hur on the border of Edom.
He did not enter the promised land due to the sin at "The waters of dispute".

Usishkin Manchem ( Mendel Avraham: 1863 - 1941 )
A zionist leader. At the age of 18 he founded a branch of "Hovevei Tzion"
in Moscow. In 1887 was elected as a memeber of "Hovevei Tzion"s 2nd commitee.
Was elected in 1897 as presidency member of the Zionist congress. Imigrated
in 1920 and in 1922 was elected as president of Israels afforestation fund,
the "Keren Kayemet".

Echad BeMai ( Hebrew for "May 1st" )
The international laborday. Initialy celebrated in the year 1890.

Echad HaAm ( 1856 - 1927 )
Asher-Tzvi-Ginzburgs pen name meaning in Hebrew "One of the people".
One of the most remarkable national philosophers in the days of the "Chibat
Tzion" movement and from the founders of modern Hebrew literature.

Aba Achimeir - S.A. Heisnovitz ( 1898 - 1962 )
A journalist and author. Born in Byelorussia. Of the first revisionists
in Israel and creator of the idealogical foundation for the ETZEL & LECHI.

Einstien Albert ( 1879 - 1955 )
Among the greatest physicists in the 20th century.
Father of the theory of relativity that revolutionized modern physics and
led ultimately to the develoment of the Atomic theory.

Eli Cohen ( 1924 - 1965 )
Was an Israeli intelligence agent active in Syria and was considered a master spy.
Was caught in 1965 and sent to the gallows in Damascus on may 18 1965.

Eliyahu HaNavi ( Elijah the prophet )
A prophet who lived in the time of Ahab king of Israel and his son Yoram.
announced the future comming of the Messiah on "The lords great and ghastly day".
Elijah has a major place of honor and respect in Judaism. It is written and
so believed that Elijah did not die but rised to the heavens through a very
dramatic event in a chariot of fire.

Almog ( Coral )
A class of tropical sea creatures that live in colonies close to the shore.
Coral skeletons create large coral reefs that many times cause damage to
sea vessels.

David Elazar ( "Dado": 1925 - 1976 )
Head of IDF staff operations department in 1969. Was appointed in 1972 as
the IDFs 9th chief of Staff and served this role during the YOM KIPPUR war.

Amnon VeTamar
An abundant plant. Some species live one year only and some many.
The inflorescence is named "Amnon VeTamar" after the biblical brother and
sister because it allways blossoms in pairs.

Engel Yoel ( 1868 - 1927 )
A musician and composer. With his influence in 1908 the association for
popular Jewish music was founded. During the 10 years of its existence
the association conducted research on ancient Hebrew music and popular
Jewish music and wrote down its findings. Engel visited Israel several
times to conduct such research and in the year 1924 settled in Tel-Aviv.

Ester HaMalka ( Queen Ester )
Daughter of AviHaiyil and niece of Mordechai. Also named "Hadasa".
The main heroen of the PURIM incident documented in "The scroll of Ester"
that was obviously named after her. The scroll reports the great salvation
to all the Jews in the countries under rule of king Achashverosh. After
Queen Vashti was banished from the kings court, Ester - A local Jewish girl
was chosen as the kings second wife. The king was very fond of her and
highly respected any requests from her. Ester managed to get the king to
reverse the evil genoside decree initiated by Haman . This was done through
prayer, fasting and a very tactical maneuver run by herself. As allways
it was the almighty lord who actualy saved the Jewish people but this was
due to Esters righteousness that was to the benifit of everyone.

Rabbi S.Y. Afriat

Etzel
Hebrew initials standing for "National Military Organization".
A Jewish underground organization in Israel in the years 1936-1948.
Founded with members previously of "Beitar" and revisionists from the
HAGANA organization.

Exodus ( Great imigration from Europe )
In english "Exodus 1947".
Name of an imigrant ship that marked a significant chapter in the history
of imigration to Israel.

Arye Kremer
Chairman of the Heirut movement in Ramla and former vice mayor of Tel-Aviv.

Arlozorov Chaim ( 1899 - 1933 )
A former statesman, Leader of the laborers movement in Israel, national economist
and philosopher.

Etrog
A citrus species, originaly from the far east, of a yellow color,
slightly bumby on the outside and extremely sour inside.
The fruit of the Etrog is used in a certain ritual on the Jewish festival
of SUCOT. According to Jewish law, the Etrog fruit for this ritual must
be whole and undamaged. Sometimes the Etrog fruit grows a little knob
called PITAM in Hebrew, and is located at the end of what was the flowers
pistil. In a case as such it is extremely important to make sure the PITAM
does not break off for it will become nonkosher and disqualify the fruit
for the ritual. Physical damage to the fruit only means it is not kosher
for the SUCOT ritual and is still kosher for those interested in eating it.
The SUCOT festival lasts a whole week. When it's over the Etrog used for
rituals is considerd sacred and must not be trashed. It is either left on
a bookshelf to dry out or used to make a very tasty treat such as jam
and compot.

Borochov ( Bar Dov: 1881 - 1917 )
Among the first of the social zionists and the Jewish laborer movement.
Spiritual leader of the "Zionist Laborers" movement. An important researcher
of the Yiddish language and its literature.

Chaim Nachman Bialik ( 1873 - 1934 )
On of the great national Hebrew poets and authors, translator and editor.
imigrated in 1934 and lived in Tel-Aviv. Bialik was a main figure in the
history of Israeli settlement.

Moshe Beilinson ( 1889 - 1936 )
An author and journalist who published many articles regarding the problems
of the Jewish settlement in Israel, A main figure and leader in the labor
party.

Meir Binat
Beitar
Yoseph Trumpldor treaty. Initialy the junior organization of the revisionist
zionists and later of the HEIRUT movement.

Balfur ( James Arthur: 1848 - 1930 )
A british lord, diplomat and philosopher. While serving as Britains foreign
minister he signed the famous Balfur declaration which proclames the establishment
of a national home in Israel for the Jewish people.

Aryeh Ben Eliezer ( 1913 - 1970 )
A main leader in the ETZEL and the HEIRUT movement. Was sent to the United
States on mission and was banished to eastern Africa, Was a member of the
first Knesset until the 7th.

Ben Gurion ( David Green 1886 - 1973 )
Israeli politician, imigrated in 1906. Was active in establishing "The
Hebrew Regiments", was a founder of the united labor party, secretary of
the HISTADRUT, chairman of the "Zionist Management", Leading figure in
drafting the Biltmore program. In 1948 was nominated the leader of "The
Peoples Administration", who declared on May 1948 the founding of the
state of Israel. Served as Israels priminister and defence minister,
Worked hard at strengthening the IDF, settling in the NEGEV area, blending
of diaspora and development of scientific research. Wrote memiors on
the history of Zionism and Israel.

Eliezer Ben Yehuda ( 1858 - 1922 )
A journalist and language researcher. Pioneered in reviving the Hebrew language
as a daily used tongue.

Yoseph Ben-Aharon
. Born in Bulgaria. Among the arrangers of imigration to Israel during
world war II.

Yoseph Ben Shlomo
A Jewish fighter, was killed in Israel by the mandatory monarchy.

Yehoshua Bin Nun
A servant to Moses, Stood beside Moses on Mt.Sinai, Took part in the spying
mission when Moses sent several individuals to investigate the land prior
to entry, Replaced Moses as leader of the nation after his passing, As the
Torah states in the book of Deuteronomy: "...Because he is full of wisdom
and the Lord relies on him". Yehoshua led the Hebrews in crossing the Jordan
river and fighting the battles for conquering the land. Before his death
he distributed the tribes to their territories by lot and assembled the
tribes for signing an important treaty.
.'ה םע
Chaim Ben Atar ( 1743 - 1696 )
A rabbi, kabalist and holy figure, wrote the famous "Light of life" which
is a stunning commentary on the Torah, Born in Sala Morocco, Established
the rabbinical college "The Israel congregation study", Buried on the mount
of olives in Jerusalem.

Yitzchak Ben Tzvi ( 1884 - 1963 )
The 2nd president of the state of Israel. He was also an author and
researcher. Ben Tzvi was among the main figures of the "Zion laborers"
movement, Labor party union, Zion laborers movement, Histadrut and national
commitee.

Baal Shem Tov ( aproximately 1700 - 1760 )
Born in Fudolia and founder of the Chassidic movement that originated in
western Europe. In 1730 he became very famous and Chassidic group formed
around him and expanded rapidly. The legends regarding him and his doctrine
express his special personality. He emphasized the importance of joyfull
worshiping. He was generaly described not as an official speaker but more
like a person who would talk with individuals including women and simple
people.

Baalei HaMelacha
Hebrew, meaning people skilled in specific proffesions or in taking care
of specific items. Before the local industry and factories were properly
developed, all the manufacturing was done by skilled individuals in their
home or in special workshops they owned.

Meir Bar Ilan ( 1880 - 1949 )
Son of the famous rabbi Naftali-Tzvi-Yehuda-Berlin, A zionist public
activist, Was a member of the zionist agency ( SOCHNUT ), From the year
1924 served as president of the MIZRAHI movement ( zionist orthodox ).
Bar Ilan university was named after him.

Yisrael Barzilai ( 1913 - 1970 )
A social public activist born in Poland. Imigrated to Israel in 1934, was
among the leaders of the SHOMER HATZAIR movement. Later he was among the
head leaders in the political MAPAM party. Yisrael Barzilai also served as
Israeli ambassador in Poland between the years 1943 - 1951. During the years
1955 - 1961 served as health minister, and Knesset vice chairman during
1963 - 1955.

Colonel Moshe Bar-Cochva ( Bril square )
Armor division commander and a daring fighter.
In 1983 was appointed as chief of command for the southern part of Israel
ranking as brigadier general.

( Rabbi ) Shimon Bar Yochai
On of the great Hebrew sages in the mid 2nd century, A deciple of Rabbi
Akiva and one the greatest leaders of the nation since the rebellion of
Bar Cochva. Bar Yochai also was among the renewers of the SANHEDRIN ( The
Jewish court of law ) in Usha-Babylonia. Bar Yochai established a rabbinical
college in Tzidon ( Lebanon ) and also lived in Miron. There is a legend
that he hid from the Romans for 13 years with his son Eliezer in a cave,
living only on carobs and water. Due to malnutrition they developed a skin
disease that was cured from bathing in the hot springs of Tiberias after
leaving the cave. The legend also claims that when Bar Yochai and his son
left the cave, he saw the person that reported them to the Roman authorities,
gave him a sharp look in the eye and this man turned into a pile of bones.

Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai was a very important figure in the MISHNA
( A Torah phase prior to the TALMUD ), wrote many articles and proverbs.
It is believed that the book known as "The ZOHAR" which is an extremely
complex, deep and difficult to understand Kabalistic writting was composed
by him. Bar Yochai passed away on the 33th day of the OMER counting that
restarts every year after the first day of PASSOVER and lasts 50 days.
On this day Jews do not mourn Bar Yochai but rejoice and celebrate.
This is because Bar Yochai, while still alive, requested that his date of
death be a day of happiness, therefore every year on the 33 day of the
OMER many people arrive at his tomb in MIRON to celebrate and to pay
respect to one of the greatest and most outstanding teachers the Jewish
people ever had.

Chaim Yoseph Brener ( 1881 - 1921 )
Imigrated in the year 1909, was among the first pioneers in Israel in the
new era. Chaim Brener was also an author and a man of spiritual interests.
Murdered in Jaffa during a bloody pogrom.

Giborei Yisrael
Hebrew for Israeli Heroes. A general term relating to all Israeli soldiers
who performed outstanding heroeic and extremely dangerous military acts.

Geva
A Kibbutz in the Yisrael valley, south-east of AFULA. The Kibbutz is
affiliated with the regional council of GILBOA.

Gidon
Son of Yoash from the tribe of Menashe and was nicknamed "Yerubaal".
Gidon was a biblical figure, one of the judges in the 12th century.
Gidon was a savior who defeated Midyan & Amalek

Eliyahu Golomb ( 1893 - 1945 )
Among the organizers of imigration and among the first leaders of the
laborers movement in Israel. Golomb was also one of the founders of the
HAGANA and served as one of its first commanders.

David Aharon Gordon ( 1856 - 1922 )
An author and philosopher that took part in the second large imigration.
David Gordon was a spiritual leader of the labor party in Israel.

Getto Varsha ( The Warsaw ghetto )
Was founded by the nazis in October 1941 and populated some 450,000 jews.
In 1943 a rebelion was organized leading to the death and exile of 56000
jews.

Yosephtal Giyora ( 1912 - 1962 )
A labor leader in Israel, born in Germany and imigrated to Israel in 1938.
Yosephtal served in major roles in the Jewish agency. Since 1959 he served
as employment minister while affiliated with the MAPAI party.
During the years of the large imigration, Yosephtal also dealt with
imigrant absorbtion

Gilad
A name given to a strip of land on the eastern side if the Jordan

Heinrich Gretz ( Hirsch: 1817 - 1891 )
One of the greatest Jewish historians of the 19th century and was the first
to compose an overall detailed history of Israel. Gretz conducted biblical
research and published many researches in fields of Judaism.

Gershon Shatz
Born in Latvia and came to Israel in the second great imigration.
Was a member in the LECHI underground.
Assisted in founding the BEITAR movement. In 1926 worked as an agricultural
worker in Israel, clearing swamps for settlements.
Founded the HATIKVA neighborhood and the settlement "Ramat Tyomkin"
Was among the organizers of ileagal imigration against the British authorities.

Devorah Hanevia ( Hebrew for "Deborah-the prophet" )
A prophet and judge in Israel who together with BARAQ conducted the war
against YAVIN, king of HATZOR and his military minister SISRA who pressed
the northern tribes of Israel. The battle took place in the KISHON stream.
SISRAS army was destroyed and the Israelites were redeemed from YAVINS
rule.

Dugit
A small fishing boat. The same name is also given to a small boat to aid
with transffering passengers from a large ship to the shore.

Hamelech David ( King David )
Son of YISHAI. David was the second king of Israel after SHAUL.
David ruled between the years 967 - 1001 B.C.E. David widened the lands
borders and unified the nation and conquered Jerusalem that was ruled by
AVUS and made it capital of Israel. Davids personality in the bible is
very dramatical with strong and sensual emotions. David possesed qualities
of both a leader and a practical nationman. It is known by Jewish tradition
that David composed many of the psalms.

Moshe Dayan ( 1915 - 1981 )
A military man and Israeli politician, Born in kibbutz DGANYA and grew up
in NAHALAL. Dayan participated in the operations of the "special night
forces" of Lord Wingate and was arrested by the British in 1940. Dayan
was nominated minister of defense on the eve of the six day war and in
1973 joined the MARACH ( labor party ) the same year the YOM KIPPUR war
broke out.

Dan ( square )
The son of Jacob and Bilha. Also one of 12 brothers who initialized the
twelve tribes of Israel.

Ha-Oren ( Hebrew for "The OREN")
A type of evergreen needle leaf tree. This trees wood is excellent for
constructing very sturdy furniture and manufacturing turpentine.
These family of trees can be found in most Mediterranean countries

HaIlanot ("The trees")
Hebrew, refering to young trees

HaIrisim ("The Irises")
The Iris is a flower common in cool climate countries.
The flower is very large and glorious. The Iris includes 16 species such
as Iris of the Negev, the brown Iris and the purple Iris to name a few.

HaEila
A type of tree or bush, defined in a seperate botanical family.
Some species of Eila are evergreen. The Eila can be found in tropical
regions and groves in Israel.

HaAlonim ("The oaks")
The oak trees are also defined in their own botanical class and can be found
in mild climate regions in almost any type of soil and almost at any height.
The oak leaves are relatively thick and appear in many forms, latticed,
plain and serrated. The "fruit" of the oak is the acorn which is a hard
shell nut cupped in a scaled like base of woody material.

HaArazim ( Cedar )
The Cedar trees in the region grow mainly in Lebanon. These trees achieve
impressive heights. In Hebrew literature the Cedar symbolizes strength.
"If the Cedars catcheth thy flame, what will say thy moss...?"
( tractate MoEd KaTan 25 ).

HaEshel ( Tamarisk )
A botanical species including short trees and bushes that grow mainly in
dessert regions, salty soils near the sea shore or in sandy soil.
The leaves are scale like. The blossoms are very small and bisexual.
The "fruit" is a small seed-contaning capsule and each seed has a cluster
of hairy-like growth.

HaBrosh ("The Cypress")
An evergreen, needle leaf tree that originated in the east Mediterranean.
Is a member of the Pine class. The tree is used as an ornament as well as
for the wood industry. The cones are round and ball shaped.

HaGdud HaIvri ( Hebrew for "The Hebrew regiment")
Units of jewish military forces who served within the british army during
world war I

HaGiladi ( Hebrew for "The Giladian")
One of the nicknames of Elijah the prophet. Elijah is regarded by jewish
belief to be very holy and sacred.

HaGefen ("The grape vine")
The grape is among the seven species that the holy land was blessed with,
along with wheat, barley, fig, pomegranate, olive and date.
The torah refers specificaly to olives that are rich in oil and dates that
produce much honey.

HaDudaim ( The Mandrake )
A type of plant found in the Mediterranean region. This plant has thick,
forked roots that resemble the structure of a human being. The mandrake is
believed to have medical characteristics and in ancient times was used for
preparation of love potions.

Hadas ( Myrtle )
An ornamental bush with shiny leafage and white-yellow flowering.
A branch of the myrtle is one of "The four species" used for rituals on
the SUKKOT festival, along with the palm branch, willow branch and citron.

HaDekel ( The palm tree )
A special shaped tree originating in tropical regions.
The trunk is a straight, tall, unbranching circular beam while the top is
like a crown of large leaves. The palm leaves are feather-like in shape.
others are more of a fan type setup. The palms blossom are small, unisexual,
six petal flowers arranged in clusters. The fruit is the well known date.

Hadar ( Citrus )
A general name for trees and fruit belonging classified in the "Citrus" catagory.
This includes the Orange, Lemon, Grapefruit and Tangerine to name a few.

HaHagana
A short hebrew name for the military protective force in Israel, that was
founded in the year 1920 in the time of the British mandate to protect
the jewish settlement in Israel.

HaHistadrut
A national union of professional workers organizations in Israel.
The union was founded in 1920 to take care of several fields regarding
professional workers. The unions function dealt with the financial,
professional, settlement and social aspects of the workers belonging to
the union. The union was also the starting point for founding the the
"Hebrew work" company.

Dov Hoz ( 1894 - 1942 )
Among the leaders of the laborers movement in Israel.
Dov Hoz was also one of the initiators and promoters for founding the
HAGANA and among its main commanders. Hoz also pioneered in "The hebrew pilot"
and was deputy mayor of Tel-Aviv in 1935

Hoshea ( 8th century B.C.E )
A prophet who lived in the times of the kings Oziahu, Yotam, Achaz and
Chizkiyahu - kings of Judah and YeravAm Ben Yoash - king of Israel

HaZayit ("The olive")
One of the seven species that our land of Israel was blessed with.
The tree is evergreen.

HaChalutz ("The pioneer")
A worldwide organization of young jewish people who prepared themselves
for imigration to Israel for settling and work. These youngsters played
a major role in the building of the country and the national revival.

HaChasmonaim ( Macabees )
The leaders of the jewish uprising against the Syrian-Greek rule in the
year 200 B.C.E. The leaders of the Macabees belonged to the "Chashmonai"
family and therefore rendered the name "HaChasmonaim" ("The Hashmonites")
as an additional name for the group.

HaYarden ("The jordan", river )
The largest river in the area of Israel. The Jordan river is about 250 Km
long, starting up north moving down to the south. This perhaps rendered
the name jordan since in hebrew it is pronounced "Yarden" while the word
"Yored" means "going down".

HaYetzira ( Hebrew for "Manufacturing")
A street in the industrial area of Ramla, in honor of the workshops and
factories in the area.

HaCalanit ("The windflower")
A protected wild flower, from the botanical Ranunculus family.
The flowers are large and pleasant to the eye, Mostly red in color although
some species are blue, purple or white.

HaCarmel
The north-western range of the Samarian mountains. The Carmel slope is very
steep composed of sedimentary lime-based rock.

HaLilach ("The Lilac")
A type of shedding bush or tree, known for its numerous flowers and
intoxicating scent. The Lilac is found in mild climate areas and blossoms
in the spring.

Harav ( Rabbi ) Avraham Hilel ( 1820 - 1920 )
Grandson of Rabbi Moshe Galvi and deciple of Abdala Somech, A judge of
jewish law and head of a jewish court who devoted his whole life to the
public. Rabbi Hilel was nominated three times as chief rabbi in babylon:
in the year 1884, between years 1886 - 1911 and from year 1911 until
1915.

Hilel HaZaken ("Old and wise Hilel")
Among the greatest hebrew scholars in the time of the second temple, was
president of the SANHEDRIN ( The main jewish court of law that resided in
the temple building ) and founder of the main judgement system by which
most jewish rules follow by today.

Kikar HaMedina ( Hebrew for "The state square")
A square in the city named after the state

HaMacabim ("The Macabees")
A name given to a family of preists ( Cohanim ) who freed Judah from alien
rule in the days of the 2nd temple.

HaMaapilim ("The imigrants")
The description MAAPILIM was given to ilegal arriving of people to Israel
in the time of the British mandate who decreed laws of imigration.

Moshe Hes ( 1812 - 1875 )
Among the founding fathers of socialism and the national zionist movement
in the west. Hes was among the leading speakers for the idea of "Return
to Zion" and was active in founding the first "International".
Hes was a German philosoper and author who herald the idea of "Zionist
socialism" and had a great influence on Marcs and Engler. In his doctrine
he tied national liberation with social liberation. In the year 1961 his
bones were brought to burial in the Kineret group.

HaNitzan ("The Bud")
A growth point on a branch that is to develop to another branch or blossom

HaAvoda
A street in Ramlas industrial area in honor of the value of labor and work,
as it is written is psalms "A man goes out to his doings and his work till
evening".

HaAliya Hashniya ("The second Imigration")
The second imigration refers to those arriving in Israel in the years
1904 - 1914, mainly from Russia after the pogroms in Kishinov.

HaPoel
A sports organization of workers in Israel, founded in 1926

HaPalmach
PALMACH is actualy hebrew initials PLMCH which is short for "Plugot Machatz"
meaning "The Crushing Companies ( military )". This was one of the defense
forces who trained youngsters for warfare operations. In 1941 one PALMACH
brigade named YIFTACH was established. Among other military missions,
YIFTACH also participated in conquering Ramla and its area during the
war of independence.

HaPaamonit
A species of tiny single cell organisms living in the sea and also a name
of a grass-like single season plant.

HaTzanchanim ("The paratroopers")
One of the elite infantry units of the IDF that was founded in the summer
of 1948 by order of chief of staff Yakov Tzur.

HarEl
A brigade of the PALMACH. Operation HarEl took place during the war of
independence when three convoys of supplies were send to besieged Jerusalem.

HaRamah ( 1525 - 1572 )
Rabbi Moshe Iserlish, one of the latter greatest rabbinical religious
authorities, lived and was active in Krakow Poland. Among his compositions
are the book "Darkei Moshe" ("The ways of Moshe"), "About the four columns"
( A commentary regarding Jewish law ) and his well known commentary on the
"Shulchan Aruch" which is among the main Jewish law compositions.

HaRimon ("The pomegranate")
A tree in its own botanical class. The tree gives large round fruit covered
with a thick yellow-redish peel. The fruits interior is composed of many
small cells or chambers which hold the seed. The seed resides in a red-pink
and very sweet liquid. The fruit is either eaten "as is" or used to manufacture
wine and other beverages. The pomegranate is mentioned in the old testament
as one of the seven species that the holy land was blessed with.

HaRambam ("The Rambam" - Maimonidees 1135 - 1204 )
Rambam, or as in hebrew initials RMBM stands for "Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon"
( Rabbi Moshe, son of Maimon ), who was the greatest of Israels Rabbinical
figures in the middle ages. The Rambam was also a well known medical doctor
and philosopher. The Rambams tomb is located in Tiberias. Located southeast
of Ramla is a settlement named "Yad Rambam" in memory of him.

Harduf ( Oleander )
The oleander is an evergreen, pink flowered bush, common by river banks
and grows both wild and culturized.

Har Sinai ( Mt. Sinai )
Mt. Sinai, located in the Sinai peninsula, is believed by the Jews to be
the place were the TORAH was given to Moses. The acurate location is unknown,
but it is accepted to relate to "JABEL MUSA ( Moses's mountain ) as Mt. Sinai.

Yitzchak Hertzog ( 1888 - 1959 )
During the time of the holocaust, Hertzog dealt with matters of rescue
and public affairs. Hertzog also served as Israels chief rabbi.

Hertzel ( Theodor Zeev Benjamin 1860 - 1904 )
Author and politician. Envisioned and initiated the idea of a Jewish state.
Creator of state zionism and founder of the world zionist organization.

HaRakefet ( The cyclamen )
A protected wild flower that grows in rock and boulder crevices.
The plant grows from a bulb. The corolla leafs of this fine flower are
pink-purple in color and bend upward.

HaShomer ("The Guardian")
An organization for guarding and protection of the early settlements in
Israel. The organization was founded in KFAR TAVOR ( Tavor village ) on
April 1909 by pioneers from the 2nd imigration.

HaShalom ("The peace")
A street named such to mark the historical visit of Egyptian president
Mr. Anuar Sadat in Israel in 1977, in hope of a longlasting peace.

HaShikma ("The sycamore")
The sycamore tree is also known as the Bengal Ficus. This is a tropical
asian tree belonging to the berry class and also related to the fig.
The sycamore may reach 30 meters in height. The fruit are red and cherry
sized.

HaShiryon ( The armored forces )
The term "Armored forces" refers to the IDFs armored divisions as well
as the complete armored corps. In february 1948 in the middle of the war
of independence, the "Armored Vehicle Service" was founded under command
of YITZCHAK SADEH. When the IDFs first armored division was founded, this
service was terminated leaving the IDF without a full armored corps until
the begining of year 1950, when an official corps was founded.
The armored corps is a front unit that storms forward for defense as well
as offense and to prepare the battleground for the incoming of infantry.

HaTeEina ("The figs")
A molting fruit tree belonging to the berry class, has large leafs divided
in 3 to 5 segments. The trees branches contain a milky liquid. The tiny,
colorless blossoms are seated on a pear-shaped bed that ripens to a fig
that can be eaten "as is" or dried. The fig is one of the seven species
that the holy land was blessed with.

HaTavor ("Mt. Tavor")
Mt. Tavor is located in the heart of the Yezrael valley and rises 588 meters
above sea level. During the Byzantine and Crusade era several monasteries
were built on it. It is also believed to be the location of Christs
alternation before his deciples, and therefore also named "The montain of
change".

HaTamar ( Date palm )
A palm tree with large feather-like leafs. The trees fruit are the edible
dates that are also named TAMAR in hebrew. The date is known to be rich in
sugar and is considered a very good source of nutrition paricularly for
desert dwellers.

HaTisha ("The nine" [men] )
Named after the nine zionist activists in Iraq who were send to the gallows.

Vilna
The city Vilna is also nicknamed "The Jerusalem of Lithuania".
Vilna is the capital of Lithuania that was once part of the soviet union.
A Jewish community settled there in 1568 and in 1633 recieved a document
of rights. In the 17th century the city became a huge Torah center that
reach a peak in the days of the VILNA-GAON ("The genius from Vilna").
Vilna served as a center for the MITNAGDIM movement ( A "Mitnaged" is
someone who is opponent to the "Hasidic" movement, but still extremely
orthodox ). Vilna also served as the center for "Chovevei Tzion" ( Fans
of Zion ) and state zionism. Vilna counted about 140,000 jews in the 19th
century and by the begining of WW-2 only about 80,000 which were also
mostly exterminated during the holocaust along with other jews in the
vacinity.

Lord Charles Wingate ( 1903 - 1944 )
A British commander who founded military field forces of the HAGANA.
Wingate was fond of Zionism, the bible, the land of Israel and the Israeli people.
Wingate was dismissed from duty and sent away by the British government due
to his sympathy and fondness for the zionist enterprise.

Chayim Weizman ( 1874 - 1952 ) blvd.
The first president of the Israeli state, was a scientist and chemistry
researcher. Served many years as the president of the zionist organization.
Weizman was among the supporters of the program to devide the land of Israel.

Yoseph Vitkin ( 1876 - 1912 )
A zionist leader and hebrew educator. Vitkin was the spiritual father of
the 2nd imigration and the labor movement in Israel and was also among
the leaders of "The young laborer" ( HAPOEL HATZAIR ).

Yechezkel Vechil ( Rabbi )
Among the leaders of the Iragi jewish community in Israel and served as
custodian of the jewry in Irag for matters dealing with the goverment

Vradim ( Roses )
The rose is a thorned plant with highly fragrant flowers. The rose can be
found in moderate climate regions. The flowers corolla counts 5 petals
and the colors are white, yellow, pink and red.

Zeev Jabotinsky ( 1880 - 1940 )
A politician, philosopher, zionist leader, journalist, founder of the BEITAR
youth movement and the revisionary zionists treaty movement, founder of
GDUD HAIVRI ("The Hebrew Regiment") and the "mule drivers".

Emil Zolah ( 1840 - 1902 )
A french author and playwrighter, father of the "naturalistic" doctrine.
In his series of novels, Zolah revealed different aspects of life in france
by refering to lifestyles, fields of interest e.t.c of different cultural
sectors during times of war and peace. Zolah played a historical role during
the Dreyfuss trial while risking his life to prove Dreyuss's innocense and
convicting the officers of false charges agianst Dreyfuss.

Zacharia
Zacharya the prophet, Son of Berachiya and grandson of Ido. Listed in the
hebrew bible in "The book of twelve". His main acts were between 518 - 520
B.C.E. Zacharya, like Hagai, was also troubled with rebuilding the temple
and Jerusalem, resettling in Jerusalem, gathering of the diaspora, and the
blessing of the earth.

Zamir ( Nightingale )
A small songbird belonging to the thrush species. The nightingale is well
known for its pleasant song.

Chavatzelet ( Sand-lily )
A multiseasonal plant belonging to the daffodil species. The sand-lily is
common in mediterranean countries and nearby regions.

Chevron ( Hebron )
A city in the high Judea mountains south of Jerusalem ( Kiryat Arba ).
One of the most ancient cities in the world and one of four sacred cities.
Chevron is also the burial place of Israels forefathers, in MEARAT HAMACHPEILA
( the cave in Kiryat Arba ).

Chagai
A prophet in the days of the return to zion prior to the rebuilding of the
2nd temple. Prophisized in the year 520 B.C.E and is included in the bible
in "The book of twelve".

Chativat Golani ( The Golani Brigade )
One of IDFs infantry brigades that was founded in 1948 during the war of
independence. During the war, Golani was in charge of the northern region,
fought in securing transportation routes in the Galilee and regional
vallies, and performed retaliation and prevention operations. The Golani
brigade demonstrated great heroism during the YOM KIPPUR war.

Chativate Kiryati ( The Kiryati Brigade )
One of the IDFs first six field brigades that were founded in 1948 during
the war of independence. Kiryati was designated to operate in Tel-Aviv and
the vacinity.

Chaim Bar Lev
Born in 1924 in Austria, was a graduate of the agricultural school MIKVE
YISRAEL, commander of company "D" of the PALMACH and one of IDFs outstanding
commanders, was appointed in january 1968 as IDF chief of staff and in 1972
nominated as minister of commerce and industry.

Chanita
An Israeli kibbutz far up north near the Lebanese border, was founded in 1938
as a settlement of the CHOMA UMIGDAL ( wall an tower ) organization.
Chanita was the first jewish settlement in the western Galilee.

Chezt ( Arrow )
The arrow is a well known pointed weapon made of a wooden branch or synthetic
material. The arrow is fired or shot from the bow.

Avraham Henywut
Principal of the first school in Ramla, A senior educator and a significant
figure of the babylonian community.

Rabbi Moshe Yaakov Toledano ( 1880 - 1960 )
Was sepharadic rabbi of Tel-Aviv and Jaffa and served as minister of relegion

Topaz
A mineral found in volcanic acid rock. After processing, the Topaz is
considered a gem. The color is usualy yellow or blue-green. The Topaz,
which is pronounced in hebrew PIDETA ( Pee-Deh-Tah ), was one of the
gem stones on the CHOSHEN, A ritual garment of the high priest in the
temple.

Pinchas Tietelbaum
Architect of the ministry of housing building in the central region.
Also designed the Ben-Gurion neighborhood in Ramla.

Yoseph Trumpledor ( 1880 - 1920 )
A pioneer, military figure and zionist, Among the founders of the pioneering
movement in Russia, organized the military defense ( HAGANA ) in the hebrew
settlements in upper Galilee, The famous hero who died in action along with
seven comrades in 1920 while defending TEL-CHAI.

Shaul Tchernichovsky ( 1875 - 1943 )
A physician, poet, translator and among the fathers of the renewing hebrew
poetry. Tchernichovsky demonstrated a very impartial and restraining approach
in his idyll. As a translator, he excelled in transfering ideas and material
with extreme accuracy compared to the source. There is no doubt that his
translations of foreign poetry are outstanding and exemplary and will
exist in hebrew literature for many generations.

Yanosh Kortchack Henric Goldshmidt ( 1879 - 1942 )
An author and jewish educator in Poland, formed an educational method
that puts the love for the child in the center. In 1911 he was appointed
manager of the jewish orphanage in Warsaw were he introduced the idea
of letting the pupils "self-run" the place. Kortchack was a member of the
SOCHNUT ( the jewish agency ) as a top zionist representative. With the
outbreak of the 2nd world war his orphanage was transfered to Warsaw and
the children were send off to extermination camps in Treblinka. He was
offered the chance to save himself given he parted from the children but
he prefered to stay with them. Among his books are "Yotam the wizard" ( 1934 )
and "King Matya the 1st" ( 1928 ).

Yavne
A city in the estate of the tribe of Juda, in the southern lowland,
Was the headquarters of the SANHEDRIN ( jewish superior court ) led by
rabbi Yochanan Ben Zachai After the destruction of the 2nd temple. Today,
an urban city.

Yehuda Halevy ( Rabbi, 1075 - 1145 B.C.E )
Among the greatest hebrew poets of the middle ages, a philosopher and
physician. It is believed that Yehuda Halevy lived in Spain and died in
Egypt on his way to Israel, but another version states he was run over by
an arab horseman while leaning to kiss the ground at the gates of Jerusalem.
His poems demonstrate great love for zion, the holy land, and he initiated
the use of arab styles in hebrew poetry. Yehuda Halevy wrote both secular
and sanctified poetry saturated with deep jewish emotion.

Yoel
A prophet of Israel, listed in the 2nd of the "book of twelve".
Prophesized for repentance of Israel so they could overcome the locust
that plagued the land. In Yoels prophecy some influence from Amos, Isia
and Izekiel can be detected, but he remodels the material in an independent
way.

Yonah HaNavie ( Jonah the prophet )
Son of AMITAI. Jonah, who is listed in the 5th "Book of twelve", prophesized
in the days of YERAVAM the 2nd. Jonah was sent to prophesize the destruction
of the city NINVEH if the residents would not repent.

Yoseph Chaim ( Rabbi )

Yosephtal ( 1912 - 1962 )
A leader of laborers in Israel, born in Germany and imigrated to Israel in 1938,
served in senior positions in the SOCHNUT ( the jewish agency ), was appointed in
1959 as minister of employment on behalf of the MAPAI party, dealt with
recieving newcomers in the years of massive imigration.

Yordei HaYam ( The seamen )
In memory of the 23 young HAGANA fighters who during world war 2 took a
boat to the Lebanese coast to oppose the french in Syria but sank.

Yechezkel ( Izekiel )
Son of BUZI the priest, prophesized from NEHAMA in the land of KASDIM,
was among the exiled by Babylonian king NEVUCHADNETZAR in the days of
YEHOYACHIN king of Juda. Yechezkels envisions of prophecy were among the
strongest ever ( aside from Moses ). An idea of Yechezkels level can be
observed by the note in the MIDRASH saying that when the Israelites
crossed the split sea, their spiritual level was so high that maid servants
envisioned things that Yechezkel never saw in his whole lifetime.

Yasmin ( Jasmine )
A pleasant scented flower, some climb while others grow erect. The Jasmine
covers about 300 species. The Jasmine originated in tropical and subtropical
regions

Yael
A biblical women figure known for aiding Israels tribes in fighting thier
enemies by killing SISRA, the military commander of YAVIN king of CHATZOR.
Yavin himself was beat by BARAK and DVORA and fled.

Rabbi Yizchak Shlomo ( 1835 - 1920 )
Served as a chief rabbi in Irag between 1893 - 1905. In those days the
revolt against Abed-El-Hamid broke out, endangering the lifes of the jews
in Bagdad. Rabbi Shlomo stood in the breach and with great wisdom managed
to save the situation.

Yirmiyahu ( Jeremia, 586 B.C.E. )
A prophet among the priests that were in ANATOT, the last prophet prior
to the destruction of the 1st temple and the Babylonian exile. Yirmiyahu
prophesized about the destruction of the temple and Jerusalem if Israel
would not repent by terminating idol worship and returning to their hebrew
roots. Yirmiyahu suffered great humiliation and physical abuse by the people
and the current king, who refused to listen to his prophecy claiming he was insane.
It is common jewish belief that the scroll of EICHA, read every year on
the 9th of AV ( The destrucion date ), was written by Yirmiyahu along with
most of the "book of lament".

Yeshayahu ( Son of AMOTZ, 8th century B.C.E )
First prophet in Jerusalem in the series of latter prophets, prophesized
in the days of UZIYAHU, YOTAM, CHIZKIYAHU, kings of Juda.

Kinneret
A lake in the Jordan valley also known as "The sea of Galilee",
known for its hot springs, covers an area of 171 square kilometers and length
from north to south about 22 kilometers. The Cinneret is Israels main reservoir
of water.

Berl Katznelson
A spiritual leader with great influence in Israels labor movement

Levonah
A tree known as Frankincense, grows in the middle east, used for making of
incense and perfume.

Lochamei HaBrigada ("The brigade fighters")
A jewish fighting brigade ( JFB ) of the british army that served during
the 2nd world war, was established in the year 1944.

Lochamei Gush Etzion ("The fighters of the ETZION group")
Named after fighters who protected 4 settlements in the Hebron mountains,
during the war of independence. On May 12, 1948, the ETZION group were
defeated by arab troops.

A. S. Levi
6th mayor of Ramla, served from the year 1971 till his death in January 1972

Yechezkel Levi ( 1936 - 1914 )
A rabbi and head of jewish court of the babylonian communitie.
Rabbi Levi was a superior example of a judge in both religious and secular
fields.

Rabbi Arye Levin
A rabbi who reresented the prisoners of the jewish underground.

Lilenblum ( Moshe Leib: 1843 - 1910 )
A hebrew author and critic, among the founders and leaders of the HOVEVEI
TZION movement in Russia and served as secretary till his last day.
Lilenblum was among the strongest fighters for the idea of national revival.

Chaim "Avraham" Landau ( 1981 - 1916 )
Chief of staff and head commander of the ETZEL between the years 1945 - 1948.
Landau, affiliated with the HEIRUT party, was a Knesset member from the first
Knesset elections until the 10th.

Lachish
An opened regional district in the northern NEGEV, named after the ancient
Lachish district.

Mivtza Yonatan ("Operation Yonatan/Jonathan")
IDFs military operation for freeing the jewish plane captives in Antebe ( July 1976 ).
The operation was named after YONATAN NETANYAHU who planned and commanded
the operation. During this intense operation, YONATAN ( nicknamed YONI )
was shot in action by an airport tower guard and died a short while after
the forces left the airport on their way back to Israel. YONATAN NETANYAHU,
R.I.P, was the brother of former priminister BENJAMIN ( Bibi ) NETANYAHU.
May he be allways remembered.

Mivtza Kadesh ( Battle of SINAI, Operation SINAI )
Israels 2nd war with Egpyt ( 1956 - 1957 ). This was a preventional operation
aimed to keep terrorists away from the Gaza strip, to disrupt Egyptian
initiative for war against Israel together with arab alies and to open the
TIRAN straits in the reed sea for freedom of Israeli sail.

ModiIn
A location in the lowland, about 10 KM east of Lod. On location are many
tombs which are believed to be of the HASHMONAIM dynasty - The family of
priests known as the MACABEES.

Shmuel Mohaliver ( 1824 - 1898 )
A great rabbi, among the founders of CHOVEVEI TZION in Russia, was active
in guidance of imigration to Israel.

Sir Moshe Montifyori ( 1784 - 1885 )
A wealthy banker and public activist, among the first active in favor of
Israeli settlement before founding the CHOVEVEI TZION movement, one of the
greatest jewish philanthropists, among the leaders of the British jewry.

Motzkin, Aryeh Leib ( 1867 - 1933 )
Among the first of the zionist movement and among the zionist leaders in
Russia, served as president of HAPOEL zionist commitee and chairman of the
18th congress.

Mor ( Myrrh )
A type of small, thorned, tropical trees. Originated in east Africa, produces
a yellow-red aromatic resin. The resin is used in the manufacture of incense,
the perfume industry and dental treatment.

Micha
A prophet in the days of Yotam, Achaz and Chizkiyahu, kings of Juda.
Prophesized in the time of second half of the 8th century B.C.E, in the days
of Assyrias quick rise and domination of the feritle areas. Micha is included
in the 6th book of "The book of twelve".

Rabbi Mimon Yehuda Leib ( Fishman: 1875 - 1962 )
Among the first in the MIZRACHI movement and among its leaders, served as
Israels first minister of religion and founder of the "Rav Kook Institute"
in Jerusalem.

MalAchi
The last prophet in "The book of twelve" and last in the hebrew bible,
was active in the years 450 - 516 B.C.E. A great portion of MalAchis
prophecy deals with the holiness of marriage since in his days mixed
marriage was an extremely common practice. MalAchi views marriage as a
holy bond sealed with the lords signature, therefore those who desecrate
that bond are actualy betraying the lord himself.

Menachem Daniel Tzalach ( 1846 - 1940 )
Menachem Tzalach was from a wealthy and honorable family in Iraq, was the
first delegate in the Turkish parliament in the days of Abed El-Hamid and
a delegate in the first Iraqi assembly, was also a member of the supreme
house.

Mesada
An Israeli book publishing company founded in 1931.

Danny Mas
Commander of the LAMED-HEI platoon that had their fighters were killed in
action on their way to hurry aid to besieged GUSH ETZION on the 5th of SHVAT 1948.
The military action to conquer Ramla and Lod, known as "Operation Danny", was
named after Danny Mas.

Yahn Masarik ( 1850 - 1937 )
Founder and 1st president of the Ctzechoslovakian republic, A philosopher
favorable of zionism, was a pious gentile.

Marganit ( Pimpernel )
Also known as "The blue eye", the Marganit is a small, grass-like, single
season plant common in Europe and Asia. Several species can be found in
Israel, like the "Field pimpernel" and the "Blue pimpernel".

Mordechai HaYehudi ("Mordechai the jew")
Son of Yair, grandson of ShimI, greatgrandson of Kish from the tribe of
Benjamin. Mordechai is a leading character in "The scroll of Ester", was
banished from Jerusalem by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezar in the days of
Yeshonia, king of Juda. Mordechai was cousin to Ester and also served as
her parent since she was an orphan. After the Lord aided Mordechai in the
Jews salvation by reversing Hamans evil decree, he was nominated 2nd in
kingship to AchashVeRosh who ruled over 127 nations spreading from India
to Africa.

Marzuk Moshe ( 1926 - 1955 )
A Karaite physician in Egypt, was sentenced to death for treason against
Egypt and espionage for Israel. Was executed in January 1955.

Miriam HaNeVia ("Miriam the prophet")
Daughter to Amran and Yocheved, sister to Moshe ( Moses ) and Aron the priest.
As a little child, Miriam aided in saving Moshe from the Egyptians, and in
her adult years was also very active in Egypt and later in the desert.
Miriam also helped her brother Aron in tasks related to priesthood and
leadership. The peoples love for Miriam is expressed in particular when
she is expelled from camp when plagued with leprosy, thus causing a delay
in the Israelites journey. Miriam died and was buried in KADESH, in the
TZIN desert.

Marcus, David Daniel ( 1848 - 1902 )
Origanly a U.S. miltary officer, commanded the Jerusalem front in 1948,
first brigadier general of the IDF ranking one level under chief of staff,
participated in the battles of LATRUN and was active in founding the "Burma
route".

Moshe RaBeinu ("Moses - our mentor"),13th century B.C.E
Moses, the greates prophet to ever exist within the Israelites and the Lords
messenger for redeeming the people of Israel from Egyptian bondage. Unlike
any other prophet who had to be in some state of trance or deep sleep in order
for god to speak with them, Moses was given a special "Made to order" soul
enabling him to communicate with god directly like two people talking to
one another. As the TORAH testifies in its very last sentence:
"And no other prophet has risen in Israel like Moses, that the Lord knew
him face to face, for all the miracles and wonders that the Lord sent him
to perform in the land of Egpyt to Pharaoh and all his servants and all
his land, and for the strong hand and great miracles that Moses performed
before the eyes of all Israel".

Nordau, Max ( 1849 - 1923 )
A physician, writer, among the main zionist leaders, A close friend and loyal
assistant to Herzl, drafted the "Bazel program" ( Switzerland ) that was
accepted in the first zionist congress in 1897.

Nurit ( Ranunculus )
A grassy plant including some 300 species, single seasonal or all year,
blossoms are colored yellow and red, the fruit is nut-like. In Israel
about 20 species are common, among them is the "Asian Ranunculus".

Nechemia ( son of Chilkia )
A biblical figure, lived in the 5th century B.C.E, was active together with
Ezra the scribe in rehabilitation of the settlement in Israel, rebuild the
walls surrounding Jerusalem in the days of the return to Zion, prior to the
construction of the 2nd temple.

NachShol
A hebrew word describing a big wave in the open sea.

Selek, Yonah Edward ( Born in 1914 )
An epidemiologist in the United States, inventor of the first vaccine
for polio, professor at pittsburg university until 1963 and later head of
the biological research institute in California.

SavYon
A yellow wildflower.

Somech, Ovadia ( 1813 - 1889 )
A supreme rabbinical authority of the Babylonian community, composed many
rabbinical books, was head of NAHARDAA rabbinical college.

Sokolov, Nachum ( 1859 - 1936 )
A hebrew writer, journalist, zionist leader, president of the zionist
organization and the jewish agency in the years 1921 - 1925, editor of
"Tzfira" newspaper.

Stromah
An imigrant ship that departed from Romania in 1941, sank in the black sea
with all 769 passengers aboard.

Smolanskin, Peretz ( 1840 - 1880 )
A hebrew writer and journalist in the reform era, among the leaders of the
Chovevei Tzion movement, editor of "HASHACHAR" ( dawn ) newspaper.

Senesh, Chana ( 1921 - 1944 )
A hungarian girl who imigrated to Israel, was a poet and paratrooper(!)
who was dropped in Yugoslavia behind German lines, was caught on her way
back into Hungary and was executed.

Rabbi SeAdya Gaon ( 882 - 942 )
Among the greatest of rabbinical authorities and spiritual leader of the
Babylonian jewry.

Saada Mordechai
A passionate zionist who was active in pushing zionism to the Tunisian jewry,
was a community activist in favor of the "Keren Kayemet" and imigration but
did not have the chance to fullfill his own dream and move to the holy land.

Sapir ( Sapphire )
A clear gem stone and mineral. The stones appear in many colors as a result
of metal oxide.

Ovadia
A prophet who hid 100 other prophets froom the wrath of Izevel and provided
for the for a prolonged period. Ovadia is listed as the 4th prophet in
"The book of twelve".

Uziel Ben Tzion, Rabbi Meir Chai ( 1880 - 1953 )
The first sefaradic chief rabbi of Israel, was a public activist especially
among the sefaradic jewry.

Olei HaGardom
Hebrew meaning "Send to the gallows", refering to twelve jews members of
the ETZEL and LECHI forces that were hung by the British governing mandate
for their underground activities.

Ezra ( son of Sraya, 5th century B.C.E. )
A priest and scribe who stood head of the group returning from Babylonia
to Israel. "He is Ezra, imigrant from Babylonia and he is a scribe quick
in the Torah given by the Lord through Moses. And the king inspired by
the Lord gave him all he wished and it was that from the sons of Israel
imigrated, priests, levites, poets and residents all came to Jerusalem
in the 7th year to the reign of king Artachshasta." ( Ezra, C7, V6-7 )

Ein-Dor
A biblical city in the estate of the tribe of Yisachar, where Gideon
defeated the Midyanites.

Amos ( 8th century B.C.E. )
A prophet in the days of Uziyahu king of Juda, lived in the city of Tkoa
in the estate of Benjamins tribe. Amos is the 3rd book of twelve.

Amichai Yehuda ( Born in 1924 )
A hebrew poet and writer, born in Weirzburg Germany, imigrated to Israel
in 1936.

Fold, Bracha ( 1927 - 1946 )
A HAGANA activist, participated in HAGANA operations in favor of imigration,
was deadly injured by the British in one of the Hagana's diversion operations.

Poalei Tzion
A social zionist party, founded in the diaspora in Russia in the year 1900,
developed later in other countries as well, one of the groups were the first
to imigrate in the 2nd mass imigration, the members in Israel established
the SHOMER movement.

Pinnesse Yechiel ( 1843 - 1913 )
A rabbinical figure, writer and a wide range public activist. Pioneered
in religious zionism, among the liberators of the lands that today serve
the cities PETACH TIKVA, GEDERA and KFAR SAVA, among the pioneers of the
hebrew language and education.

Pinsker, Yehuda Leib ( 1821 - 1891 )
A physician, among the founders of the CHOVEVEI TZION movement and one of
its leaders, author of the "Autoemancipation" where he appeals to the jewish
nation to liberate themselfs and gain national recognition.

Fleming, Alexander ( 1881 - 1955 )
Sir Fleming Alexander, A british physician and bacteriologist, inventor of
penicilin.

Pinkas, David Tzvi ( Fuks: 1805 - 1952 )
A leader in the MIZRACHI movement, A politician, Knesset member, minister
of transportation in the Israeli government in the years 1948 -1952.

Pasteur, Louis ( 1822 - 1845 )
A french chemist and microbiologist, inventor of the technique to "pasteurize"
milk preventing its spoil, also developed the vaccine against rabies.

PkiIn
A village in the upper Galilee that has been a continuous jewish settlement
since the destruction of the 2nd temple. It is beleived by tradition that
the cave near the village is were Rabbi Shimon Bar-Yocahi hid together with
Elazar, his son.

Freud, Zigmund ( 1856 - 1936 )
Freud, Zigmund ( 1856 - 1936 ) A doctor, founder of psychoanalasys, a central figure in the history of
modern philosophy and medicine.

Frenkel, Menachem ( Rabbi )
Principal of the religious school CHOREV in Ramla, deputy mayor of Ramla,
and chairman of the religious council in the city.

Y.L. Peretz ( Yitzchak Leivush, 1852 - 1915 )
A main figure in Hebrew culture, A poet and neo-romantic symbolic writer
in both Yidish and Hebrew, lived in Poland and was among the leaders of
the Yidish movement.

Ptaya, Yehuda ( Rabbi, 1859 - 1942 )
A teacher and Kabalist, toiled greatly in the study of both the unconcealed
aspects of the TORAH as well as the hidden-Kabalistic parts ( NISTAR ),
composed several books as well as his comentary on the book "Eitz HaChayim".

Tzdaka, Moshe
A rabbi who functioned as consultant for rabbis in the Babylonian community,
served 3 months as chief rabbi by the title "CHACHAM BASHI", during his short
term he introduced a new order in the slaughterhouse, cared for establishing
the hospital in Bagdad, improved the rabbis position and status, greatly improved
the TORA prestige.

Tzahal ( IDF )
Pronounced "Tzahal", spelled in Hebrew Z.H.L, initials that stand for
"Tzva HaGana LeYisrael" - The Protective Army of Israel, or IDF in short
( Israel defense forces ). The IDF was established by order of the temporary
goverment on May 26, 1948 during the peak of the war of independence. Among
other orders were that the IDF would be constructed of ground, air and sea
forces, forced recruiting will be done in a state of emergency, founding of
other armed forces aside IDF is prohibited.

Tzidon
A Lebanese city north of TZOR, A jewish community existed there during
the time of the 2nd temple.

Tzion Asher
One of Ramlas senior veterans, imigrated from Babylonia ( Iraq ) in 1951.

Tzalach Menashe
A jewish educator in Iraq, A wealthy man who ran his business in England,
was one of the initiators of the great school in 1953 named "The Menashe
Tzalach Talmud Torah academy". The uniqueness of this school was that the
pupils were from families of a weak financial background. The schools
educational program put an emphasis on religious values.

Tzipor Gan Eden ( Bird of Paradise )
An ornamental plant originaly from south Africa, the flower is of outstanding
beauty with fascinating colors of blue and orange. The flower resembles
exotic birds, hence the popular name "Bird of Paradise".

Tzefania
A prophet in the days of Yoshiahu son of Amon - king of juda, in the years
625 - 630 B.C.E. The 9th prophet in the "book of twelve".

Tzfat ( Zefad )
A city in the northern Galilee, first mentioned in the days of the 2nd temple.
A certain quarter in the ancient part of the city was renovated and is
known as "The Painters District".

Koch, Hobart ( D.R. 1843 - 1910 )
A German bacteriologist, among the founders of modern bacteriology. In the
year 1822 discovered the microbes of tuberculosis cholera. In 1905 received
a Nobel prize in medicine.

Avraham Kook ( Avraham Yitzchak Hacohen Kook: 1835 - 1865 )
A rabbi, torah researcher and great rabinical scholar. In 1919 served as
Israels first ASHKENAZ chied rabbi. Rabbi Kook was an extremely important
figure in shaping religious orthodox zionism in Israel.

Klauzner Yosef, ( Gdalyahu: 1874 - 1952 )
A historian, researcher of Hebrew literature, editor of the Hebrew
encyclopedia.

Kaplan Eliezer ( 1891 - 1952 )
A laborers leader in Israel, member of the 1st and 2nd Knesset, served as
states treasurer.

Keren HaYesod
The financial branch of the world wide zionist organization founded in London
in the year 1920, Called for zionists and non-zionists to finance imigration
and jewish settlement in Israel.

Raziel David ( 1910 - 1925 )
Among the founders of the ETZEL and of its commanders, was killed near
Bagdad in an intelligence-sabotage operation on behalf of the British military,
founder of the MIZRACHI movement.

Rieness Yitzchak ( Yaakov: 1839 - 1915 )
A Rabbi, rabbinical philosopher, zionist activist, from the leaders of the
CHOVEVEI TZION movement, among the first religious zionists, also among the
founders of the MIZRACHI movement.

Riesser Micha ( 1946 - 1988 )
Was among the leading activists in the CHEIRUT YISRAEL movement, chairman
of the students board in the Tel-Aviv university, member of the action committee
of the jewish organization ( HISTADRUT ), founder of the national culture club,
served in the 10th and 11th Knesset as member on behalf of the LICUD party
and as chairman of the Knesset committee.

Rashi ( Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki: 1040 - 1105 )
Hebrew initials R.S.Y, considered to be the greatest TORAH commentator of
all times in both the old testament as well as the Talmud. Rashis commentary
is considered to be simple and yet influenced by holy insight. Rashi, who was
born in France, was extremely troubled that sacred writtings were being
destroyed due to anti-Semitic authorities, that he invented his own personal
script for writting hebrew text. This way the authorities could not identify
his work as TORAH material and therefore his writtings were saved. Rashis
script was adopted by many other traditional commentators to such an extend
that even TORAH material published today is many times printed in "Rashi" font,
to give the book a warm traditional and authentic "feel".
Rashis script as well as the commentary itself is studied in elementary
schools mainly in the religious-orthodox community. Orthodox boys can usually
read fluent Rashi by the age of 10, while fully perceiving the inner context
can many times be difficult even for adults and knowledged Torah schollars.
This is due to the fact that allthough Rashi "tried his best" to keep things
simple, he was still influeced by holy insight as mentioned before. Many
times inside a "simple" short sentence hides an extremely deep idea that is
very hard to understand. Because of this there are several traditional
commentators who try to aid with their own commentary on Rashi.

Shabazi Shalom ( 1619 - 1680 )
Considered to be the greatest poet of the Yemenite jewry who in his compositions
expressed the great suffering of his generation.

Sadeh, Yitzchak ( 1890 - 1952 )
Of the founders of the "Labor regiment" in Israel, among the "Forefathers"
of the HAGANA forces, one of the initiators for establishing the PALMACH
and served as its first commander in the years 1941 - 1945, was one of the
leading commanders in the war of independence.

Shunit ( Reef )
Rock that protrudes over sea level.

Shteren, Yair Avraham ( 1907 - 1942 )
Writer and poet born in Poland, served in the ETZEL and founded the LECHI.

Sheizaf
Plant known as Jujube

Shita ( Acacia )
A type of trees that has many species, botanicaly catagorized in the legume
family, grows mostly in dry regions. The Israeli Acacia is throned with leafs
of a complex structure.

Shivat Tzion
"The return to Zion". This is the name given to the era when jews began
returning from the Babylonian exile in the days of king Zrubavel, Ezra the
scribe and Nehemia. The name is also used in reference to imigration in modern
times.

Shalom Aleichem ( Pen-name of Shalom Rabinovitz: 1859 - 1916 )
A Yiddish writer, humorist and popular story teller. His books were translated by
his son in law, D. Berkowitz.

Shlomo HaMelech ( King Solomon )
King of Israel during the years 922 - 961 B.C.E, son of king David and Bat-Sheva,
Constructed the first temple in Jerusalem. Because of Shlomos righteousness,
God offered him a gift of his own choice and Shlomo who was also very modest
asked only for wisdom to Gods great approval. As a result God gave him great
wisdom and insight and was considered "The wisest of all men." In his days
there was a great economical rise. Among king Shlomos compositions are
"The song of songs", "The book of proverbs" and the scroll of "KOHELET"
( Ecclesiastes ).

Shmuel HaNavi ( Samuel, the prophet, son of Elkana and Hana )
"And every man from the DAN region to BEER-SHEVA will know that Shmuel is a
loyal prophet to God" ( Shmuel 1, Chapt.3, vs.20 ). The book of Shmuel is
3rd of the first prophets in the Bible and unrolls in detail the nations
history from the time of the "judges" until the end of king Davids monarchy.

Simcha Holtzberg
Nicknamed "Father of the wounded" for his undivided care of injured soldiers
and terrorist victims in Israel, passed away during a ceremony that was
held in their honor on Adar 2nd, 1994.

Simchoni Asaf ( 1922 - 1956 )
A military man, of the first in the PALMACH, commander of the Israeli forces
during "operation Sinai", was killed in a plane crash on his way home to
Ein-Harod.

S.M.H

Shemesh Moshe ( Chaim: 1836 - 1923 )
Rabbinical judge, head of a rabbincal court, was nominated chief rabbi of
Iraq in the year 1918. In those days the Iraqi people revolted against the
British demanding independence. Rabbi Shemesh demonstrated a neutral attitude
which lead to respect by the Iraqis and English as well.

Shimshon HaGibor ( Samson )
Son of MANOACH of the DANI family, one of the judges of Biblical Israel,
A hero of legendary strength given to him by God to redeem Israel from the
Philistines on condition that he keeps his monasticism. The Philistines
eventualy cut his hair which led to his loss of strength and cut out both
of his eyes. Samson was brought out during A Philistine party so that they
could "toy" with their enemy while during his captivity his hair began to
regrow, thus enabling him to regain some strength. With one last prayer to
God, requesting God to strengthen him one last time so that "My soul shall
die with the Philistines" Samson managed to knock down the giant pillars
which held the whole building, killing everyone present including himself.

Shafik Ades ( 1900 - 1948 )
Was hung in Bazra, southern Irag, accused of zionist activity and selling
weapons to the jewish state.

Shapira Avraham ( 1870 - 1965 )
Among the leading members of the HASHOMER movement in Israel, lived mostly
in PETACH-TIKVA.

Shapira Chaim ( Moshe: 1902 - 1970 )
A leader of the MAFDAL party, a minister in the Israeli government, among
the initiators for founding "The united religious front".

Shprintzak Yosef ( 1885 - 1965 )
Arrived in Israel during the 2nd great imigration, from the head leaders
of the MAPAI party, secretary general of the zionist organization ( HISTADRUT ),
Israels first Knesset chairman.

Sharet Moshe ( Shertok: 1894 - 1965 )
Politician, zionist leader, among the leaders of the Israeli labor movement,
Israels first foreign minister in the years 1948 - 1953, priminister during
years 1953 - 1955, nominated in 1961 as HISTADRUT chairman and SOCHNUT
manager.

Sason Yisrael ( 1820 - 1911 )
A rabbinical figure in the Babylonian congregation, known as an extremist
who was very strict with religious matters, A cantor, poet, teacher in
"KOL YISRAEL CHAVERIM" school in Bagdad.

Sason, Rabbi Simcha ( 1820 - 1910 )
Deciple of the great rabbi Abdalla Somech, served as rabbinical judge for
35 years and was nominated chief rabbi of Iraq.

Tochelet
A rural settlement in the coastal region about 2.5 Km east of BEIT-DAGON,
founded in 1951.

Tel-Chai
A settlement in the upper Galilee near KEFAR GILADI. On March 1st, 1920
while defending Tel-Chai, Yosef Trumpledor was killed along with 7 other
comrades.

Shmuel Tamir ( 1923 - 1987 )
An Israeli jurist and politician, was member of the CHEIRUT party and later of the
LICUD, served as justice minister, conducted the famous "Kastner" trial.

Tiltan ( Clover )
The clove is a plant in the legume catagory with flowers that are in blossom
state most of the time, the fruit comes in small pods usualy with a single
branch. The clove is often used for pasture or as fodder.

A street named after Yakov Dadon of blessed memory,
founder of the first printing company in Ramla
Yakov Dadon was a known public figure in Ramla since 1948 when he imigrated
from Morocco. He was a member of the city council during 3 cadences and
served as chosen council member between the dates 26.7.1955 - 3.11.1959.
Dadon contributed much of his time and effort many times in favor of the
cities residents, aiding the public with his voluntary activities.
Dadon was known as "Mr. printer" and was among the first printers and the
first to own a printing company that was located at the end of the city
market. Also, he worked as printer for the government until the offices
were moved to Jerusalem and for two years instructed and trained inmates
at the AYALON penitentiary to work in printing. Dadon many times performed
voluntary printing tasks for private people and public institutes. Dadon
was known as a pleasant person. His sons continue to run his lifetime
enterprise till this very day at the "Dadon" printing company in Ramla.